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Small donor surge: it's not trickling down

One initial observation: the incredible influx of small donors into the presidential campaigns is fantastic.  The Obama campaign this cycle was the first to involve so many more small donors than ever before, fueled in large part by the internet making campaign giving easier, and both Clinton and McCain's campaigns have seen a surge in small gifts, too.

But while the mainstream media highlights that small donor explosion, a story that's being swept under the rug is this: the same old thing is still happening.

That is, major donors and powerful interests are still dominating the money primary for Senate races around the country, and in fact, their role is increasing even as the role of small donors increases in the presidential race.  I've documented how the small donor explosion is masking the continued role of major donors in the presidential race, but I find the Congressional issue more insidious.  Because few are paying attention while large donors out-contribute small donors by a factor at least six to one in Senate races, and you can bet the same dynamic applies to House races.  In other words, regardless of who the next President is, he or she will still need to pass laws through a Congress that was elected on the strength of wealthy donors financing their campaigns.

Luckily, the Campaign Finance Institute has crunched the numbers and painted this picture of the early Senate money primaries in stark relief:

Both Democratic and Republican candidates depend more on $1,000 and over donors than they do on either under $200 donors or PACs. Overall, the relative importance of large donors for Senate candidates has actually increased over the past four elections. Incumbents have been most affected: in 2007 they received six to seven times as much from large, as compared to small, donors. Clearly the increased role of small donors in the last two presidential elections has had little resonance in Senate elections.

Not only are large donors overpowering small donors, but PACs -- which typically represent entrenched special interests' giving -- are everpresent:
PACs continue to provide a major portion of the funds of Senate incumbents, specifically 25% of Democrats' and 35% of Republicans' net receipts. These proportions however have not changed significantly in recent years.
A little back-of-the-napkin math shows that incumbent Senators up for reelection in 2008 are raising 69-75% of their funds either from PACs and individual contributions greater than $1000.  A mere 6-7% of their campaign cash comes from donors who give less than $200.

Challengers rely less on the massive donors, gathering 36-40% from major donors and PACs.  They rely more heavily on the mid-level, $200-$1000 donors -- still out of the range for most Americans -- who provide 40-42% of their funds, as well as a heavier (but still relatively low) reliance on small donors below $200, who provide 20-22% of their total campaign cash.

As promising as the uptick in small donors is, the rapidly escalating costs of campaigns from top to bottom around the country has not changed an overall trend towards wealthy campaign contributors dominating the fundraising and "money primaries" that have such an impact on who can run and win a race for elected office.  Clean Elections for races across the country and passage of the Fair Elections Now Act in Congress, in particular, will be critical to change this dynamic.


Tags: election 08, campaign finance reform, clean elections, public financing (all tags)


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